鑿腑绉戞妧澶у(xu茅)鍚屾繜(j矛)閱�(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)闄㈤檮灞崝(xi茅)鍜岄啱(y墨)闄㈠鍓�(chu脿ng)浜�1866骞�锛屽垵鍚� 婕㈠彛浠佹繜(j矛)閱�(y墨)闄� 锛�1928骞磋嫳鍦�(gu贸)鍩虹潱鏁欐渻(hu矛)鑸囧惊閬撴渻(hu矛)鑱�(li谩n)鍚�锛屽皣閱�(y墨)闄㈡洿鍚嶇偤 婕㈠彛鍗�(xi茅)鍜岄啱(y墨)闄� 銆�2000骞�锛岄毃鍚屾繜(j矛)閱�(y墨)绉戝ぇ瀛�(xu茅)鑱�(li谩n)鍚堢祫寤� 鑿腑绉戞妧澶у(xu茅) 锛屾寮忔洿鍚嶇偤 鑿腑绉戞妧澶у(xu茅)鍚屾繜(j矛)閱�(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)闄㈤檮灞崝(xi茅)鍜岄啱(y墨)闄� 銆傚崝(xi茅)鍜岄啱(y墨)闄㈢敱涓€鎵€鏁欐渻(hu矛)閱�(y墨)闄㈤€愭鐧�(f膩)灞曟垚涓€鎵€闆嗛啱(y墨)鐧�銆佹暀瀛�(xu茅)銆佺鐮�銆佸煿骞茬偤涓€楂旂殑锛屾搧鏈変竴娴佺殑浜烘墠瀵�(sh铆)鍔�銆佸厛閫�(j矛n)鐨勬妧琛�(sh霉)瀵�(sh铆)鍔涖€佺簿鑹殑瑷�(sh猫)鍌欏(sh铆)鍔涚殑澶у瀷缍滃悎鎬х殑鏁欏(xu茅)閱�(y墨)闄�銆傛埅姝�2003骞村簳锛岀法鍒剁梾搴�1300寮�锛屽叏闄㈣伔宸ョ附鏁�(sh霉)2211浜猴紝鍏朵腑锛氶啱(y墨)鐢�618浜�銆佽(h霉)澹�819浜�銆佹妧琛�(sh霉)浜哄摗349浜恒€佽鏀夸汉鍝�241浜�锛屽伐浜�243浜�锛屾楂樿伔绋�(ch膿ng)104浜�銆佸壇楂樿伔绋�(ch膿ng)210浜恒€佷腑绱�(j铆)鑱风ū(ch膿ng)891浜�銆佸垵绱�(j铆)鑱风ū(ch膿ng)551浜�锛屽叾浠�515浜猴紝鍗氬＋鐢熷皫(d菐o)甯�91浜�銆佺ⅸ澹敓灏�(d菐o)甯�346浜�銆傚崝(xi茅)鍜岄啱(y墨)闄㈠崰鍦伴潰绌嶈繎鐧剧暆锛屽湪寤轰腑鐨�34灞ゅ绉戝ぇ妯撹垏14灞ょ殑閱�(y墨)鏁欏ぇ妯�銆�12灞ょ殑闁€(m茅n)瑷哄ぇ妯撳拰14灞ょ殑骞查儴鐥呮埧澶ф〒閬欑浉鍛兼噳(y墨ng)锛屽舰鎴愯純鍚堢悊鐨勯啱(y墨)鐧傚竷灞€銆傝ō(sh猫)鏈夊崝(xi茅)鍜岃叓鐦よê閱�(y墨)闄紝蹇冭绠＄柧鐥呯爺绌舵墍銆佽娑茬柧鐥呯爺绌舵墍銆佽€抽蓟鍜藉枆绉戠柧鐥呯爺绌舵墍銆佹硨灏垮绉戠爺绌舵墍锛屾箹鍖楃渷骞茬窗(x矛)鑳炴噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ垏鐮旂┒涓績銆佺編鍦�(gu贸)Utah澶у(xu茅)婀栧寳鐪佽(w猫i)鐢熶汉鎵嶅煿瑷�(x霉n)涓績锛屽厛鍚庢垚绔嬩簡浜炴床绶婃€ユ晳鎻翠腑蹇�銆佹箹鍖楃渷鎬ユ晳涓績銆佽吂鑵旈彙澶栫娌荤檪涓績銆佽儼鑵哄绉戜腑蹇�銆佷冀鐟�?sh霉)鍚ㄥ鐔濊姱鎭愯?銆佺溂绉�?zh菙n)鍒嗗瓙婵€鍏変腑蹇�銆佺毊鑶氭縺鍏夋不鐧備腑蹇�銆佺鐭充腑蹇冪瓑17鐮旂┒娌荤檪涓績锛�15鍊�(g猫)鐮旂┒瀹�銆�62鍊�(g猫)瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)瀹�锛屽悇绱�(j铆)閲嶉粸(di菐n)瀛�(xu茅)绉�12鍊�(g猫),宸插舰鎴愯純鐐哄悎鐞嗙殑瀛�(xu茅)绉戠兢銆傞啱(y墨)闄㈠悇椤�(l猫i)灏�(zhu膩n)绉戦綂鍏�锛岀従(xi脿n)鏈�43鍊�(g猫)鑷ㄥ簥绉戝銆�14鍊�(g猫)閱�(y墨)鎶€绉戝銆佸績琛€绠″収(n猫i)绉�銆佹櫘閫氬绉戙€佸懠鍚稿収(n猫i)绉�銆佸│鐢�(ch菐n)绉戠瓑鐐哄湅(gu贸)瀹剁礆(j铆)閲嶉粸(di菐n)瀛�(xu茅)绉�锛岃娑茬梾銆侀啱(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)褰卞儚绉�銆佽€抽蓟鍜藉枆绉戙€侀绉�銆佸績琛€绠″绉�銆佹硨灏垮绉�銆佹秷鍖栧収(n猫i)绉�銆佽叇澶栫銆佸偝鏌撶梾绛夊湪鍦�(gu贸)鍏�(n猫i)浜湁杓冮珮鐨勮伈璀�(y霉)銆傝┎闄㈤啱(y墨)鐧傝ō(sh猫)鍌欑簿鑹�锛屽叏闄㈣ō(sh猫)缃腑蹇冧緵姘�銆佷腑蹇冨惛寮�銆佷腑澶┖瑾�(di脿o)銆佷腑蹇冨皪(du矛)璎涘懠鍙郴绲�(t菕ng)锛屾搧鏈夎秴灏�(d菐o)鍨嬫牳纾佸叡鎸�銆�16灞よ灪鏃婥T姗�(j墨)銆佹暩(sh霉)瀛楁笡褰辫绠￠€犲奖鍎€銆侀洐鎺㈤牠鍙畩瑙扴PECT姗�(j墨)銆佸僵鑹茶秴鑱插鏅嫆瑷烘柗鍎€銆侀珮澹撴哀鍊�(c膩ng)銆佸柈鍏夊瓙閬╁舰鍔犻€熷櫒銆侀洐鍏夊瓙鍔犻€熷櫒銆佷冀鐟�?sh霉)鍚ㄥ鐒箈銆佺溂绉戞簴(zh菙n)鍒嗗瓙婵€鍏夋不鐧傚剙銆侀珨澶栬秴鑱茬鐭虫(j墨)銆佸ぇ鍨嬪叏鑷嫊(d貌ng)鐢熷寲鍒嗘瀽鍎€銆侀洐鑳絏绶�(xi脿n)楠ㄥ瘑搴︽脯(c猫)閲�?j墨)x銆佽吂鑵旈彙銆佺郴鍒楀績鑲虹洠(ji膩n)璀�(h霉)瑷�(sh猫)鍌欑瓑澶у瀷鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｅ寲瑷�(sh猫)鍌�锛岀偤淇濊瓑寤ｅぇ鎮ｈ€呭湪鎴戦櫌寰楀埌鍎�(y艒u)璩�(zh矛)鐨勯啱(y墨)鐧傛湇鍕�(w霉)鎻愪緵浜嗗爡(ji膩n)寮�(qi谩ng)鐨勫悗鐩俱€傝┎闄㈡瘡骞存帴鍙椾締(l谩i)鑷叏鍦�(gu贸)鍚勫湴鐨勬偅鑰�130浣欒惉(w脿n)浜烘锛屽勾浣忛櫌鎮ｈ€呴仈(d谩)3.8钀�(w脿n)浜烘锛屽勾鎵嬭(sh霉)閲�1.8钀�(w脿n)鑷�(t谩i)娆�锛屽悇闋�(xi脿ng)涓昏閱�(y墨)鐧傛寚妯�(bi膩o)鍧囧眳鍏ㄥ湅(gu贸)鍓嶅垪銆傞啱(y墨)闄㈤暦(zh菐ng)鏈熷爡(ji膩n)鎸佷互绮炬箾鐨勬妧琛�(sh霉)鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鎮ｈ€咃紝閲嶅ぇ鐨勯啱(y墨)鐧傛垚鏋�800浣欓爡(xi脿ng)锛屽叾涓績鑷熺Щ妞嶆偅鑰呭瓨娲荤巼瓒呴亷(gu貌)涓€骞达紝蹇冭偤鑱�(li谩n)鍚堢Щ妞嶇梾浜哄埛鏂板湅(gu贸)鍏�(n猫i)瀛樻椿绱€(j矛)閷�锛� 浜哄伐寤虹珛楂旂缍�(j墨ng)鍏�(n猫i)鑷熺缍�(j墨ng)鍙嶅皠寮ф仮寰�(f霉)鎴櫛鎮ｈ€呰唨鑳卞姛鑳� 鐐轰笘鐣岄鍓�(chu脿ng)锛涘悓绋楂撶Щ妞�銆佽倽鑷熺Щ妞嶃€佸共绱�(x矛)鑳炵Щ妞嶇瓑鐐哄湅(gu贸)鍏�(n猫i)闋�(l菒ng)鍏堟按骞�锛涘啝鐙€鍕�(d貌ng)鑴堟惌姗嬭(sh霉)銆侀洐浠嬪叆娌荤檪闁€(m茅n)闈滆剤楂樺銆佹€ユ€ч噸鐧ヨ儼鑵虹値鏁戞不銆佽儼鑵鸿叓鐦ゆ不鐧�銆侀’寰绉戞墜琛�(sh霉)銆佸悓绋暟楂旈紦鑶滅Щ妞�銆佽厰閺′笅宸ㄧ祼(ji茅)鑵稿垏闄よ(sh霉)绛夋妧琛�(sh霉)鍦ㄥ湅(gu贸)鍏�(n猫i)鍏锋湁寤ｆ硾鐨勫奖闊裤€� 绉戝(xu茅)杈﹂櫌銆佺鏁欒垐闄€€佺鎶€寮�(qi谩ng)闄� 鏄┎闄㈤暦(zh菐ng)鏈熷爡(ji膩n)鎸佺殑鐧�(f膩)灞曟埌(zh脿n)鐣�銆傝繎20浣欏勾渚�(l谩i)锛屽叡鐛插緱鍦�(gu贸)瀹惰嚜鐒剁瀛�(xu茅)鍩洪噾瑾查銆佺渷銆侀儴绱�(j铆)瑾查鍙婂湅(gu贸)闅涘悎浣滆椤�銆� 鍏簲 銆� 涔濅簲 銆� 973 銆� 863 绛夐爡(xi脿ng)鐩叡624闋�(xi脿ng)銆傜嵅鍚勭礆(j铆)绉戠爺鎴愭灉鐛�(ji菐ng)388闋�(xi脿ng)銆傚叾涓湅(gu贸)瀹剁鎶€閫�(j矛n)姝ヤ簩绛夌崕(ji菐ng)2闋�(xi脿ng)锛屽湅(gu贸)瀹剁鎶€閫�(j矛n)姝ヤ笁绛夌崕(ji菐ng)2闋�(xi脿ng)銆�100浣欏悕灏�(zhu膩n)瀹舵暀鎺堝湪鍚勭礆(j铆)鍚勯(l猫i)瀛�(xu茅)鏈�(hu矛)鎿�(d膩n)浠讳富浠诲鍝�銆佸壇涓讳换濮斿摗绛夎伔鍕�(w霉)銆傝繎10骞翠締(l谩i)锛屽湪鍚勭礆(j铆)鏈熷垔涓婂拰鏈�(hu矛)璀扮櫦(f膩)琛ㄨ珫鏂�8000浣欑瘒锛孲CI鏀堕寗50浣欑瘒锛屾摂(d膩n)浠昏€抽蓟鍠夌鍏ㄥ湅(gu贸)绲�(t菕ng)绶ㄦ暀鏉愪富绶�銆侀夯閱夌鍏ㄥ湅(gu贸)瑕�(gu墨)鍔冩暀鏉愰啱(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)鍏ㄥ湅(gu贸)瑕�(gu墨)鍔冩暀鏉愬壇涓荤法锛屾槸12閮ㄥ叏鍦�(gu贸)绲�(t菕ng)绶ㄦ暀鏉愬拰闈㈠悜21涓栫磤(j矛)鏁欐潗鐨勫弮绶ㄥ柈浣�銆傚嚭鐗堝悇椤�(l猫i)灏�(zhu膩n)钁�300浣欓儴锛屼富杈︽湡鍒�10绋紝鑸囧痉銆佽嫳銆佺編銆佹棩銆佹硶绛夊湅(gu贸)鍙婃腐銆佹境銆佽嚭(t谩i)鍦板崁(q奴)寤虹珛浜嗗唬娉涚殑鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍗�(xi茅)浣滃拰瀛�(xu茅)琛�(sh霉)浜ゆ祦銆傚崝(xi茅)鍜岄啱(y墨)闄㈡暀瀛�(xu茅)绲勭箶绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)瀹屽杽锛岀従(xi脿n)鏈�8鍊�(g猫)绯伙細閱�(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)涓€绯汇€佸収(n猫i)绉戝(xu茅)绯�銆佸绉戝(xu茅)绯�銆佸│鐢�(ch菐n)绉戝(xu茅)绯�銆佸厭绉戝(xu茅)绯汇€侀啱(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)褰卞儚瀛�(xu茅)绯�銆佸彛鑵旈啱(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)绯�銆佷腑閱�(y墨)绯诲拰16鍊�(g猫)鏁欑爺瀹わ紙瑷烘柗瀛�(xu茅)銆佺溂绉戝(xu茅)銆佽€抽蓟鍜藉枆绉戝(xu茅)銆佺毊鑶氭€х梾瀛�(xu茅)銆佺缍�(j墨ng)鍏�(n猫i)绉�銆佸偝鏌撶梾瀛�(xu茅)銆佹斁灏勭銆佷腑閱�(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)銆佸(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)瑷烘柗瀛�(xu茅)銆佹€ヨê閱�(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)銆佽叓鐦ょ梾瀛�(xu茅)銆佽€佸勾鐥呭(xu茅)銆佽嚚搴婅棩瀛�(xu茅)銆佽嚚搴婅(h霉)鐞嗗(xu茅)銆侀夯閱夌銆佸彛鑵旂銆傛湁鍗氬＋瀛�(xu茅)浣嶆巿娆�(qu谩n)瀛�(xu茅)绉戦粸(di菐n)18鍊�(g猫)锛屽崥澹悗娴佸嫊(d貌ng)绔�5鍊�(g猫)锛屽崥澹敓灏�(d菐o)甯�88鍚�銆傜ⅸ澹(xu茅)浣嶆巿娆�(qu谩n)榛�(di菐n)27鍊�(g猫)锛岀ⅸ澹敓灏�(d菐o)甯�454鍚�銆傝嚦2003骞村簳锛屽叡鍩归(y菐ng)鍗氬＋鐮旂┒鐢�1000浣欎汉锛岀ⅸ澹爺绌剁敓1500浣欏悕銆傝┎闄㈡搧鏈変竴鏀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍚堢悊銆佺礌璩�(zh矛)鍎�(y艒u)鑹殑鑰佷腑闈掔浉绲�(ji茅)鍚堢殑鏁欏斧闅�(du矛)浼嶏紝鍏ㄩ櫌90%浠ヤ笂鐞嗚珫瑾查噰鐢ㄤ簡澶氬獟楂旀暀瀛�(xu茅)銆傞洐瑾�(y菙)鎴栧叏鑻辫獮(y菙)鏁欏(xu茅)瀛�(xu茅)鏅�(sh铆)閬�(d谩)鍒扮附瀛�(xu茅)鏅�(sh铆)10%浠ヤ笂銆傛壙鎿�(d膩n)浜斿勾鍒惰嚚搴婇啱(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)灏�(zhu膩n)妤�(y猫)涓€澶х彮鐨勮嚚搴婅椤岀悊璜栨暀瀛�(xu茅)銆佽吉鍥炲(sh铆)缈�(x铆)銆佺暍妤�(y猫)瀵�(sh铆)缈�(x铆)鏁欏(xu茅)浠诲嫏(w霉)鍜屼竷骞村埗鑷ㄥ簥閱�(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)灏�(zhu膩n)妤�(y猫)鑷ㄥ簥瑾茬▼鐞嗚珫鏁欏(xu茅)銆佽嚚搴婂(sh铆)缈�(x铆)鍜岃嚚搴婁笁绱�(j铆)瀛�(xu茅)绉戝(sh铆)缈�(x铆)鏁欏(xu茅)鍙婄鐮旇珫鏂囨挵瀵�(xi臎)銆佺瓟杈伐浣�銆傚悓鏅�(sh铆)閭勬壙鎿�(d膩n)鍏叡琛�(w猫i)鐢熷(xu茅)闄㈤爯(y霉)闃查啱(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)灏�(zhu膩n)妤�(y猫)銆佺挵(hu谩n)澧冭(w猫i)鐢熷皥(zhu膩n)妤�(y猫)銆佽(w猫i)鐢熶簨妤�(y猫)绠＄悊灏�(zhu膩n)妤�(y猫)銆佸│骞艰(w猫i)鐢熷皥(zhu膩n)妤�(y猫)鐨勮嚚搴婅椤岀悊璜栨暀瀛�(xu茅)鍜岃嚚搴婂(sh铆)缈�(x铆)浠诲嫏(w霉)銆傛瘡骞存帴鏀朵締(l谩i)鑷叏鍦�(gu贸)鍚勫湴鐨勯€�(j矛n)淇敓500浣欏悕锛屾帴鏀跺痉鍦�(gu贸)銆佹湞楫瓑鍦�(gu贸)瀹剁暀瀛�(xu茅)鐢�20浜哄乏鍙炽€�2003骞淬€婅€抽蓟鍜藉枆绉戝(xu茅)銆嬭瑭�(p铆ng)鐐烘箹鍖楃渷绮惧搧瑾茬▼锛屻€婅€抽蓟鍜藉枆绉戝(xu茅)銆嬪拰銆婃牳閱�(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)銆嬭瑭�(p铆ng)鐐哄(xu茅)鏍＄簿鍝佹暀鏉�銆傚崝(xi茅)鍜岄啱(y墨)闄㈤啱(y墨)闄㈡浘鍏堝悗琚⿻(p铆ng)鐐鸿(w猫i)鐢熼儴 涓夌礆(j铆)鐢茬瓑閱�(y墨)闄� 銆� 鎰�(脿i)瀣伴啱(y墨)闄� 銆� 鍏ㄥ湅(gu贸)鐧句匠閱�(y墨)闄� 銆� 鍏ㄥ湅(gu贸)琛�(w猫i)鐢熺郴绲�(t菕ng)鍏堥€�(j矛n)鍠綅 銆� 琛�(w猫i)鐢熼儴鎶楁椽鎼堕毆(xi菐n)鏁戠伣(z膩i)闃茬梾鍏堥€�(j矛n)鍠綅 銆� 婀栧寳鐪佹渶浣虫枃鏄庡柈浣� 銆� 婀栧寳鐪佽(w猫i)鐢熺郴绲�(t菕ng)鏂囨槑鍠綅 姝︽饥甯傛枃鏄庡搧鐗岄啱(y墨)闄€€佹婕㈠競 瑷�(j矛)閲�?j墨)r(ji脿)鏍间俊寰楅亷(gu貌) 鍠綅绛夋Ξ璀�(y霉)绋�(ch膿ng)铏�(h脿o)銆傚崝(xi茅)鍜岄啱(y墨)闄㈠爡(ji膩n)鎸佷互浜虹偤鏈�锛屼互绮炬箾鐨勬妧琛�(sh霉)銆佸劒(y艒u)缇庣殑鐠�(hu谩n)澧�銆佺偤寤ｅぇ鎮ｈ€呮彁渚涘劒(y艒u)璩�(zh矛)鐨勬湇鍕�(w霉)銆�